"New and newest history"
US president John F.Kennedi named Americans "the nation of immigrants". The regular account of immigrants coming to the USA began to be conducted and has found reflexion in the American statistics only since 1820 For the subsequent half a century, with 1820 on 1870, from Russia there has arrived only 7550 persons. Only since 1881 immigration from Russian empire in the USA has exceeded 10 thousand persons a year. The beginning of mass immigration in the USA from Russia was necessary for 1880th years and is connected not only with development of the Russian capitalism in the conditions of preservation of many feudal vestiges in agriculture, but also with Alexander's coming to power III and the most reactionary elements of Russian society. In 1881-1882 in so-called to "line of settled way of life" tens bloody Jewish pogroms have been organised, and then "May laws" about deprivation of Jews of some the civil rights given by it (him) for the first time at Alexander II are accepted 1882, in particular the rights for a number of categories of the Jewish population to live in large cities. 1886 The percentage norm (rate) for Jews has been entered at receipt into higher educational institutions. The same years the Most holy synod under the guidance of K.P.Pobedonostseva has developed (unwrapped) prosecutions of Russian Christian movements, and, Russian and Belarus conservatives, Ukrainian, Germans-mennonitov. All it has led to mass emigration of Jews, Poles and representatives of others national, and also religious minority.
In 1881-1890 from Russia in the USA 265,7 thousand profits, in 1891-1900 — 593,7 thousand, in 1901-1910 — 1,6 million, in 1911-1914 — 868 thousand, in 1915-1917 — about 47 thousand immigrants. But as till 1898 the American immigration statistics considered, as a rule, only country of origin of the immigrant without instructions of its (his) ethnic origin, that, judging by the first decade of XX century on which half of all Russian immigrants has had almost, their majority — 43,8 % — Jews made, 27,0 % — Poles, 9,5 % — Lithuanians and Latvians, 8,5 % — Finns, 5,8 % — Germans, 4,4 % — Russian, 1,0 % — other.
These data are based (founded) on materials of the American immigration statistics for the Russian emigratory statistics then practically did not exist. To the Russian right of those years as the researcher of this problem wrote in the beginning of XX century, "the concept emigration is not known, for does not define a normal exit from the Russian citizenship and does not recognise termless stay of the Russian citizens abroad". The legislation of Russian empire did not suppose free transition in foreign citizenship and limited stay of the Russian citizens abroad for in five years, after them followed (necessary) ask the governor who has given out the passport for travel abroad, about its (his) prolongation.
Only in 1882 the first official sanction on emigration from Russia Jews has been given, but thus they "admitted left (abandoned) for ever limits of Russia". In 1898 the special order of the tsar had been resolved trip abroad, and it (he) also forbade returning to Russia, and infringers were threatened...
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